Spiny Lobsters, also known as Crayfish, are a common sight in the Mediterranean Sea, including the waters around Malta. These fascinating crustaceans thrive on rocky exposed coasts below the intertidal zone, primarily at depths ranging from 20 to 70 meters.
Identifying a Spiny Lobster, Palinurus elephas, is relatively straightforward. They can grow up to 60 cm long, although most are less than 40 cm. Adult spiny lobsters are reddish-brown with yellow spots. Their carapace is slightly compressed and covered with forward-pointing spines, with prominent supra-orbital spines. They have heavy, spiny antennae with a tapering flagellum that extends longer than the body. The first walking leg is equipped with subchela, and the fourth segment of this leg features a distinctive row of spines.
Palinurus elephas exhibits several unique characteristics. Their carapace lacks lateral ridges, and they have heavy, spiny antennae that are longer than their bodies. The first walking leg has a subchela, which is a prehensile structure at the distal end, and the fourth segment of this leg has a row of spines. Their reddish-brown color with yellow spots helps them blend into their rocky surroundings.
Spiny Lobsters inhabit rocky exposed coasts below the intertidal zone, typically at depths between 20 and 70 meters. They are nocturnal creatures, hiding in rock crevices or caves during the day and emerging at night to feed on small worms, crabs, or dead animals. Their preferred habitats provide ample hiding spots and protection from predators.
One of the most interesting aspects of the Spiny Lobster is its breeding season, which occurs in September and October. During this time, the female broods reddish eggs that hatch about six months later in the spring. The larvae, known as phyllosoma larvae, are flattened and leaf-shaped, drifting planktonically until they develop into juvenile lobsters.
Diving in Malta offers the exciting opportunity to encounter Spiny Lobsters in their natural habitat. Some prime locations to spot these crustaceans include:
San Dimitri Cave – Located on Gozo’s northwest coast, this site is known for its rocky crevices and caves where Spiny Lobsters often hide during the day.
Blue Hole – Situated at Dwejra on Gozo’s west coast, this popular dive site features diverse marine life, including Spiny Lobsters.
Hondoq Ir-Rummien – A coastal area on Gozo’s southeast coast, offering clear waters and rocky habitats ideal for spotting these nocturnal creatures.
These sites are excellent for diving and observing Spiny Lobsters, particularly during the breeding season when the females brood their eggs. Exploring these underwater environments provides a fascinating glimpse into the life of these unique crustaceans.
