The Flying Gurnard can be identified by its distinctive, greatly enlarged pectoral fins that resemble wings. These “wings” are semi-transparent and have a bright blue phosphorescent tip. The fish has a robust body covered with heavy, protective scales and large eyes. It grows to a maximum length of about 40 cm. When threatened or excited, it spreads its pectoral fins wide to scare off predators, creating a striking display.
Flying Gurnards are found in both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with some species also inhabiting the Indo-Pacific region. They live on the sea bottom at depths of up to 100 meters. Juveniles have an extended larval stage that allows them to float freely in the open ocean before settling on the seabed as adults.
Pectoral Fins: While these fins look like wings, they do not enable the fish to fly. Instead, the Flying Gurnard uses its pelvic fins to “walk” along the sea bottom.
Sound Production: They possess a swim bladder with two lobes and a drumming muscle that produces a grunting sound. This sound is used for communication among individuals.
Protective Behavior: When threatened, the fish spreads its pectoral fins to appear larger and more intimidating to predators.
Diet: Flying Gurnards primarily feed on crustaceans and other small invertebrates they find on the sea floor.
Bioluminescence: The bright blue tips of their pectoral fins are phosphorescent, which can create a stunning visual effect in the water.
Flying Gurnards primarily feed on small invertebrates they find on the sea floor. Their diet mainly consists of crustaceans such as small crabs and shrimp, mollusks including small snails and bivalves, and other invertebrates like worms and various benthic organisms. Using their pectoral fins to “walk” along the seabed, Flying Gurnards search for these prey items, often digging into the substrate to uncover hidden food.
Flying Gurnards have several natural predators, including larger fish such as groupers, larger wrasses, and other large carnivorous fish that inhabit the same regions. Smaller species of sharks that can hunt near the bottom of the ocean may also prey on Flying Gurnards. Additionally, larger octopuses and squids might target them due to their bottom-dwelling habits. To protect themselves, Flying Gurnards rely on their heavy scales and their unique ability to spread their brightly colored pectoral fins to startle and deter predators.
Flying Gurnards can be observed at several popular dive sites around Gozo:
Mġarr ix-Xini (Gozo): Located on Gozo’s south coast, this site offers a variety of marine life, including the occasional sighting of the fascinating Flying Gurnard.
Reqqa Point (Gozo): Known for its clear waters and diverse underwater landscape, Reqqa Point on Gozo’s north coast is another great spot to encounter these unique fish.
Santa Maria Caves (Comino): This dive site near Comino provides a rich habitat where divers can spot Flying Gurnards among other vibrant marine species.
These dive sites not only showcase the Flying Gurnard but also offer a glimpse into the rich marine biodiversity that surrounds the Maltese Islands.
