Hermodice carunculata, known as the Bearded Fireworm, can be identified by its elongated, flattened body that resembles a centipede. It typically measures around 15 centimeters in length but can grow up to 30 centimeters. The Bearded Fireworm’s body consists of 60 to 150 segments, each separated by a thin white line. The worm’s coloration varies, often appearing greenish, yellowish, reddish, or greyish with a pearly glow. Each segment features parapodia, clusters of white stinging bristles, and bright red or orange gills. At the anterior end, the worm possesses a caruncle, small growths colored like the gills, on the first four segments. The mouth is located on the second segment, and the head, which contains the eyes and sensory organs, is situated on the first segment.
Bearded Fireworms inhabit a variety of marine environments, including coral reefs, rocks, muddy and sandy bottoms, and on drifting wood. They are also commonly found on port infrastructure in shallow waters, ranging from the surface to depths of 50 meters. This wide habitat range makes them a frequent sight in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, including the coastal waters around Gozo.
Defensive Mechanisms: The Bearded Fireworm’s stinging bristles are not only a defense mechanism but also a deterrent to potential predators. When threatened, they flare these bristles, which can penetrate skin and inject a potent neurotoxin.
Appearance: The bright colors and segmented body of the Bearded Fireworm serve as a warning sign to predators, indicating their venomous nature.
Slow Mover: Despite their appearance, these worms are relatively slow-moving, relying on their toxic bristles and bright coloration for protection rather than speed.
Unique Sensory Organs: The caruncle, located on the anterior segments, acts as a sensory organ that helps the Bearded Fireworm navigate its environment and detect food sources.
Bearded Fireworms are primarily carnivorous and feed on dead or decaying organisms, coral polyps, and small invertebrates. Their strong jaws allow them to consume hard and soft coral tissues, making them a significant predator in reef ecosystems.
Bearded Fireworms can be spotted at various dive sites around Gozo, including Xwejni Bay on the north coast, Ħalq Ħamiem, and Ras il-Ħobż. These sites offer divers the opportunity to observe these fascinating creatures in their natural habitat at depths of 8 to 10 meters. Divers should exercise caution around these worms to avoid accidental contact with their stinging bristles. For more detailed information about marine life you can encounter while diving in Gozo, explore our exclusive Marine Life Guide.
